出处：https://github.com/hpaluch/hpaluch.github.io/wiki/Install-Windows7-on-KVM-Qemu

If you plan to install Windows 7 on KVM/Qemu Hypervisor you would need to resolve few problems:

• lockup on boot (ending with Starting Windows and animated logo)
• need to have VirtIO disk and drivers for good IO performance

Setup for Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 64-bit

Install at least following packages in Ubuntu:

sudo apt-get install virt-manager qemu-kvm libvirt-bin ubuntu-vm-builder bridge-utils virt-viewer 

NOTE: You may need to Logout/Login after above installation to get membership in libvirtd group

Requirements

To install Windows 7 you need:

• Windows 7 installation DVD in ISO file (licensed original of course!)
• VirtIO driver disk - download from https://fedorapeople.org/groups/virt/virtio-win/direct-downloads/archive-virtio/virtio-win-0.1.126-2/virtio-win-0.1.126.iso or look at
  https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Windows_Virtio_Drivers for recent version of VirtIO drivers

NOTE: According to https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Windows_Virtio_Drivers
QXL Graphics driver is included in virtio-win-0.1.103-1 and later
Therefore we use 0.1.126 here (to fulfill this requirement)

Creating Win7 VM

• Start Virtual Machine Manager (either from your favorite Desktop (LXDE), or issuing virt-manager from terminal).
• Click on Icon Create a new virtual machine
• Keep Local install media (ISO image or CDROM) selection and click on Forward
• Select Use ISO image and Browse... to your Win7 installation DVD

NOTE: OS auto-detection failed in my case, so don't worry - you are not alone

• Uncheck automatically detect OS...

• select in listboxes:

  • OS Type: Windows
  • Version: Microsoft Windows 7
• Click on Forward

• Use proper CPU and Memory for Win7, reasonable minimums are:

  • 1x CPU
  • 2048MB of RAM
• Keep selected Enable storage and Create disk image... - recommended size is 30GB or more.

• Click on Forward

  • change Name: to something reasonable
  • Select check-box Customize configuration before install
• Click on Finish

Now we need to adjust our configuration:

• Click on IDE Disk 1

  • expand Advanced
  • change Disk bus to VirtIO
  • click on "Apply"

• click on Display Spice

  • change Type: to VNC Server
  • click on Apply

• click on Video QXL

  • change Model: to Cirrus
  • click on Apply

• click on NIC: ...

  • change Device Model: to VirtIO
  • click on Apply
• Remove Sound: ich6

• click on Add hardware

  • select Storage
  • select Device Type: to CDROM Device
  • click on Finish

• click on IDE CDROM 1 and change:

  • click on Connect and select your Windows 7 installation DVD ISO
  • enable checkbox Shareable
  • click on Apply

• click on your IDE CDROM 2 and change:

  • click on Connect and select your virtio-win-0.1.118.iso
  • enable checkbox Shareable
  • click on Apply

NOTE: There is some rumor, that ordering DVD as Driver ISO First and OS ISO last will
automatically load required drivers - but I had never such luck...

• click on Boot options

  • check Enable Boot Menu

  • enable and reorder these entries so that boot menu looks like:

    • IDE CDROM 1
    • VirtIO Disk 1
    • ...others...
  • click on Apply

Now we need to add (temporarily) secondary QXL adapater, otherwise the Windows graphics drivers
will be unable to install.

However - primary adapter must be (temporarily) Cirrus - otherwise Windows would have no chance
to display installation setup.

Add QXL using:

• Click on Add Hardware

  • Select Graphics
  • Keep Type: to Spice Server
  • Click Finish

• again Click on Add Hardware

  • click on Video
  • Change Model: to QXL
  • click on Finish

Finally you can click on Begin installation

• After a while a window Install Windows should appear
• Click on Next
• click on Install Now

NOTE: At any time you can use Ctrl-Alt to release mouse from KVM to X-Window

• confirm license terms (but rather don't read them if you want to sleep well)
• Click on Custom (Advanced) installation Type

NOTE: there should be warning No drives were found - it is expected...

• do this to fix missing Disk Drive problem:

  • click on Load Driver
  • click on Browse
  • On DVD labeled virtio-win-0.1.1 Expand path to \viostor\w7\amd64
  • confirm driver Red Hat VirtIO SCSI controller clicking on Next
• now there should be visible Disk 0 unallocated space
• just click on Next - Windows should start Copying and Expanding files - the installation
  itself should take about 30minutes

After few reboots you should have Windows 7 desktop ready.
However there are few things that need to be fixed...

Installing QEMU drivers

Windows 7 knows nothing about VirtIO (or KVM at all) - so you need to install
proper drivers (with exception of Disk driver - it was already done in setup part).

• hold Win+R and type devmgmt.msc to Run box
• a Device Manager should appear

• Right-click on Other Devices -> Ethernet Controller (with question mark)

  • Click on Update Driver Software...
  • choice Browse my computer for driver software
  • click on Browse... and choice your CD with virtio-win-0.1.1 label
  • ensure that Include subfolders is checked on - click on Next
  • confirm always trust sofwtare from "Red Hat, Inc."

Now you should have installed RedHat VirtIO Ethernet adapter

Repeat above steps for remaining Other devices:

1. PCI Device -> should install VirtIO Balloon Driver
2. PCI Simple Communications Controller -> VirtIO-Serial Driver
3. Video Controller -> Red Hat QXL GPU

Windows Guest Agent

In your windows guest run from your virtio-win-0.1.1 ISO CD Guest agent - in a path like
\guest-agent\qemu-ga-64.msi

Enable Accelerated Display Driver

• Run again Device Manager

• Verify that QXL is detected and working proberly - there should be a device in:

  • Display Adapters -> Red Hat QXL GPU
• Shutdown your Windows Guest (thanks to Guest Agent it should be even possible to use
  Virtual Machine Manager -> Shut Down)
• Switch Manager to i icon (Show Virtual Hardware Details)

• Remove these devices:

  • Display VNC
  • Video Cirrus

Power on your Windows Guest - it should work with QXL/Spice now...

Spice can be verified using virsh for example:

virsh
virsh # list
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 4     win7tutor                      running

virsh # domdisplay win7tutor
spice://127.0.0.1:5900

In Windows Guest you can verify or change your Adapater settings using:

• Right-Click somewhere on Windows Desktop
• click on Screen resolution
• You should see Display: like: 1. (Default Monitor) on Red Hat QXL GPU

That's all.

Resources

• http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Windows7Install